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- Enlightenment - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The heart of the eighteenth century Enlightenment is the loosely organized activity of prominent French thinkers of the mid-decades of the eighteenth century, the so-called “ philosophes ” (e g , Voltaire, D’Alembert, Diderot, Montesquieu) The philosophes constituted an informal society of men of letters who collaborated on a loosely defined project of Enlightenment exemplified by the
- Immanuel Kant - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) is the central figure in modern philosophy He synthesized early modern rationalism and empiricism, set the terms for much of nineteenth and twentieth century philosophy, and continues to exercise a significant influence today in metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, aesthetics, and other fields The fundamental idea of Kant’s “critical
- Denis Diderot - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Because of his public leadership of the philosophe party in eighteenth-century France, Voltaire stands today as the iconic example of the French Enlightenment philosopher Denis Diderot (1713–1784) is often seen as Voltaire’s second in that role since it was around both men that the Enlightenment philosophes rallied as a movement after 1750 The epochal project, which Diderot jointly
- Denis Diderot - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2 1 The Encyclopédie Project When Diderot was released from prison in November 1749, he was already at work on a new project, the one that would fully launch him to global intellectual fame The origins of this project went back to the very beginning of Diderot’s life as an author, and especially to his initial work as a translator
- David Hume - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Hume’s philosophical project, and the method he developed to execute it, dictates his strategy in all the debates he entered In the debates about causation and ethics, there is an initial critical phase, where Hume assesses the arguments of his predecessors and contemporaries, followed by a constructive phase, where he develops his own position
- Colonialism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Enlightenment thinkers such as Kant, Smith and Diderot were critical of the barbarity of colonialism and challenged the idea that Europeans had the obligation to “civilize” the rest of the world The colonial system of slavery, land theft, and feudal labor was antithetical to the principles of freedom and self-government
- Kant’s Social and Political Philosophy - Stanford Encyclopedia of . . .
Kant wrote his social and political philosophy in order to champion the Enlightenment in general and the idea of freedom in particular His work came within both the natural law and the social contract traditions Kant held that every rational being had both an innate right to freedom and a duty to enter into a civil condition governed by a social contract in order to realize and preserve that
- Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy organizes scholars from around the world in philosophy and related disciplines to create and maintain an up-to-date reference work
- Locke’s Political Philosophy - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
For a more general introduction to Locke’s history and background, the argument of the Two Treatises, and the Letter Concerning Toleration, see Section 1, Section 4, and Section 5, respectively, of the main entry on John Locke in this encyclopedia The present entry focuses on eight central concepts in Locke’s political philosophy
- René Descartes - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
René Descartes (1596–1650) was a creative mathematician of the first order, an important scientific thinker, and an original metaphysician During the course of his life, he was a mathematician first, a natural scientist or “natural philosopher” second, and a metaphysician third In mathematics, he developed the techniques that made possible algebraic (or “analytic”) geometry In
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